I’m 1/2 done with my thesis and will be heading back to NY in a week to finish it up.
Thesis statement:
The use of forced transfers of populations between two or more states to solve territorial or self-determination issues is today looked upon as barbaric and potentially in violation of international law. But less than 100 years ago the invocation of coerced population transfers between former adversaries in the Balkans was an accepted and commonplace occurrence which took place under the watchful eye of the international community with little debate as to the moral or human rights implications of such massive movements of populations. The suggestion of population transfers as a means to solving seeming intractable conflicts was one accepted and indeed promoted in the diplomatic lexicon.
Today, slightly less than 100 years from the period when Balkan population transfers in reached their zenith, evidence can be gathered and history examined to arrive at a conclusion as to the effects of the populations transfers between Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria and their effects on the irredentist conflicts which raged at the time. The past century has seen highs and lows in relations between all three states but curiously there has not occurred a single armed conflict on the basis of irredentist claims between any of the three states since each engaged in a series of population transfers with the other. Whereas Greece and Turkey have come close to armed conflict over issues of territoriality in the Aegean (vs. issues of irredentism) the one area where they have closest to armed conflict – Cyprus - was the one area where their respective ethic populations remained mixed. In all other areas the de-mixing of each state’s populations has resulted in a long period of relative peace between the states.
Population transfers as a means of eradicating irredentist conflicts between two or more states can be enormously effective in solving crises. While they present issues of legality under international law and affront the Western sense of the desirability of multiethnic populations they have proven indispensable in solving what previously were viewed as intractable problems of nationhood and territoriality. This project will examine the use of population transfers between neighboring states in the Balkans, focusing on Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Macedonia as a final method of negating conflict based on irredentist claims between two or more states.